ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื 2026

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.5% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืชืžืฆืื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช: ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืื ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืžืœื” โ€” ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 20-40 ืฉื ื”. ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-0.5% ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœ, ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.5% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” 10,000 ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืฉื ื”.

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื (ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื), ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช: ื”ื—ืœ ืž-2008, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™. ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงืฆื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืชื ืื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื™ื.

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ "ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื”" ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืงื• ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2004 โ€” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื”ืคืงื“ื” ื•ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื

ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช, 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช, 3 ืฉื ื™ื
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 0.73% 2.23% 9.93% 14.62%
ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ 0.76% 3% 9.59% 14.89%
ื›ืœืœ 0.64% 2.12% 8.84% 13.45%
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 0.64% 2.71% 8.49% 12.81%
ืžื’ื“ืœ 0.69% 2.02% 8.35% 12.74%
ื”ืจืืœ 0.59% 1.54% 7.79% 11.52%

ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื˜ โ€” ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— 07/2026 (ืื•ืžืช ื‘-2026-08-21). ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื—ื“ืฉ; ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ (ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžื•ื•ืช) ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืคืจืกืžืช ื›ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”.

ื ื™ืชื•ื—: ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื?

ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”: ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ืคื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื”. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืขืฆืžื” โ€” ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช" ืœ"ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—" ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื’ืจืฉ. ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”.

ืคืขืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช: ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื”, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 7.79% ืœ-9.93%, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืขืจ ืฉืœ 2.14% ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื”. ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ 8.83%.

ื•ืคืขืจ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ: ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 0.59% ืœ-0.76% (ืžืžื•ืฆืข 0.68%), ื•ืœืฆื“ื ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 2.27%. ืคืขืจ ืฉืœ 0.17% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื›-850 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ 500,000 ืฉ"ื— โ€” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืฉื•ืื”, ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ืื™ืช ืฉื ื’ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.

ืชื•ื‘ื ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื”: ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืฉืœ "ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”"

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืฉื•ืื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช - ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืœื™ืฉืืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ื” 6% ื‘-2024 ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ 3% ื‘-2025. ื”ื˜ื™ืค ื”ืืžื™ืชื™: ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช - ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื. ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื›ื.

ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช: ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœืš?

1

ืืชื” ืขืฆืžืื™ ืื• ืฉื›ื™ืจ? ืขืฆืžืื™ โ† ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžื”ืžืขืกื™ืง). ืฉื›ื™ืจ โ† ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžื”ืžืขืกื™ืง.

2

ืื•ืคืง ื”ืฉืงืขื”? 20+ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” โ† ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช (ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”). ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10 ืฉื ื™ื โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™.

3

ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš? ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื โ† ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”; ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ืื™ืช ืฉื ื’ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”. ืชืฉื•ืืช ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” โ† ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”. ืืช ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”, ืฉืžืชืขื“ื›ื ืช ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื˜.

4

ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืขื•ื“? ืœื โ† ื‘ื—ืจ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืžืงื™ืฃ. ื›ืŸ โ† ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืชืฉื•ืื”.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื

ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืคืง ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉื•ื ื”

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
4.5-6%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช

ื”ืจื›ื‘: ืžื ื™ื•ืช 30%, ืื’"ื— 50%, ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ 20%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžืชืื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • + ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื
  • + ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช
  • + ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • - ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช
  • - ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
6-10%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช

ื”ืจื›ื‘: ืžื ื™ื•ืช 60-80%, ืื’"ื— 15-30%, ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ 5-10%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืื•ืคืง ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืืจื•ืš

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • + ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”
  • + ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • - ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
  • - ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื“ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื—

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš
2-4%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช

ื”ืจื›ื‘: ืื’"ื— 70-90%, ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ 10-30%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื”

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • + ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
  • + ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • - ืชืฉื•ืื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
  • - ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื™

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
4-5.5%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช

ื”ืจื›ื‘: ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • + ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช
  • + ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • - ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
  • - ืขืžืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื

ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืชืง

ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืš ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื

ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื™ืค
ืฆืขื™ืจ (25-35) ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ 0.3-0.6% 450-700 ืฉ"ื— ื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ - ื”ืฉืงืข ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™
ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ (35-50) ื›ืœืœื™ 0.5-1.0% 800-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืฉื•ืื”
ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ (50-60) ืื’"ื— ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ 0.8-1.4% 1,200-2,000 ืฉ"ื— ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช
ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” (60+) ืื’"ื— 1.0-1.8% 1,500-2,500 ืฉ"ื— ืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • + ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช - ืขื“ 35% ืžื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืžืขืกื™ืง ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืก
  • + ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ - ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ื•ืช
  • + ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” - ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื”ื•ืŸ ืื• ืงืฆื‘ื”
  • + ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื
  • + ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • - ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”
  • - ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช
  • - ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ื”ื•ืŸ
  • - ืงื ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช
  • - ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื? 5 ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื

1

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.5% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ = ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”

2

ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืžื•ืฆืข 5-10 ืฉื ื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”

3

ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

4

ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื, ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ื

5

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

5 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ:

  1. 1
    ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ

    ืคื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 0.1-0.3%

  2. 2
    ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™

    ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ = ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ

  3. 3
    ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™

    ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ

  4. 4
    ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

    ืื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆืขื” ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช

  5. 5
    ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ

    ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื—

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ืฉืคืขืช ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ื”ื ื—ื•ืช: ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืฉืœ 2,000 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, 30 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืฉื•ืื” 5%

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ 1%:

ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช: 1,350,000 ืฉ"ื—

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ 0.5%:

ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช: 1,550,000 ืฉ"ื—

ื”ืคืจืฉ: 200,000 ืฉ"ื—!

ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.5% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื?

ืงื‘ืœื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” (ื”ื•ืŸ ืื• ืงืฆื‘ื”) ืืš ืขื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (0.4-0.9% ืœืขื•ืžืช 0-0.5% ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”). ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช. ืœืจื•ื‘, ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื?

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื” (0-2% ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช) ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” (0.3-1% ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ). ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ืกืš ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 0.5-1.5% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”. ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.5% ืœืื•ืจืš 30 ืฉื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื.

ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจืช?

ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื: 1) ื”ืฉื•ื• ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ืื ื”ืคืขืจ ืžืขืœ 0.3% ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ 2) ื‘ื“ืงื• ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” - ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ 3) ื”ืฉื•ื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื - ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ 4) ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืžืœื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื?

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื (ืขื“ 40) - ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื (40-55) - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ. ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” (55+) - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื—ื™ ืฉืžืจื ื™. ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข: ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช = 100 ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœืš.

ืžื”ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื?

ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืื›"ืข) ื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 0.3-1.5% ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื‘ืŸ 35 ื™ืฉืœื ื›-0.4-0.6%, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื™ื–ื™ ื‘ืŸ 50 ื™ืฉืœื 1-1.5%. ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ - ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.

ืžืชื™ ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘: 1) ืฉื›ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” (ืžืขืœ 25,000 ืฉ"ื—) - ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก 2) ืขืฆืžืื™ื - ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช 3) ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ื”ื•ืŸ 4) ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื 5) ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ืขื ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื