ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช 2024

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ 2026

8 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืžื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ โ€” ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ: ืžื™ ืžืฉืœืžืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืจ, ืžื™ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘. ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช "ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข" ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ืขื“ ื ืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขื ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ.

ืœื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืœืื” ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ืœืขื•ืžืง

ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช?

ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื•: ื”ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื, ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ. ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื“; ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ โ€” ืจืง ื”ืฆืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœ, ืœื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื›ื.

ื‘ืงืฆืจื”: ืžื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื”

ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” AIG (99 ืžื•ืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข 93); ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ (96 ืžื•ืœ 89); ื•ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืกื•ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ ื•-AIG (100).

ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืดืœ โ€” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืจืกื•ื ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืขืชืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื. ืืฃ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื• โ€” ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื”.

ืื™ืš ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื” ืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง

  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช โ€” 40%: ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื ืกื’ืจ ื”ืชื™ืง. ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก 851,120 ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช 2024.
  • ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช โ€” 30%: ื ืžื“ื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช: โ€80% ืžืกืงืจื™ื ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•-20% ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘, โ€106,919 ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2024.
  • ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช โ€” 15%: ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ืŸ, ืžื ื•ืจืžืœ ืœืคื™ ื ืชื— ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”. โ€6,040 ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2024.
  • ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ โ€” 5%: ื›ืžื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื ืฆื™ื’.
ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืดืœ: ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2024 ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ
ืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืงืœืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืงืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
AIG 91 99 99 100 89 82 99
ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ 96 99 98 100 92 96 97
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 92 96 96 96 88 92 100
ืžื’ื“ืœ 86 86 94 77 83 92 97
ื”ืจืืœ 86 87 93 82 88 91 100
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ 91 92 91 92 92 93 88
ื›ืœืœ 86 88 88 88 89 82 99
ืžื ื•ืจื” 82 84 87 81 88 82 94
ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ืง 89919389898997

ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”: ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื ืžื•ืš.

ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2024, ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2025. ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืœื ืœื”ื•ืจื“ื” ยท ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื.

ืžื” ื”ืžื“ื“ ืœื ืžื•ื“ื“: ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื“ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืชื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” โ€” ื”ืžื“ื“ ืžื•ื“ื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืŸ โ€” ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘-AIG, ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช (99 ืžื•ืœ 93), ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื™ ื™ืขื ื” ืœื›ื ื›ืฉืชืชืงืฉืจื• ืžื—ื•"ืœ.

ืžื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘

ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”: ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื, ื•ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ โ€” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ืงื•ื‘ื•ืช.

ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช
ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื AIG 99 93 87 (ืžื ื•ืจื”)
ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื ืกื’ืจ ืชื™ืง ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ ื•-AIGื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ 100 89 77 (ืžื’ื“ืœ)
ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชืžื” ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืžืจื• ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ 92 89 83 (ืžื’ื“ืœ)
ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” (ื’ื‘ื•ื” = ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช) ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ 96 89 82 (AIG, ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžื ื•ืจื”)
ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ืื›ืžื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก ื•ื”ืจืืœื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ 100 97 88 (ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ)

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘

ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื‘ืœื”, ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช: ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื (ืžืชื•ืš 8) ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘, ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื. ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ โ€” ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืงื•ื.

ืžื™ืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื“
ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื›ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื
AIGืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 91 ืžืงื•ื 1 (99)ืžืงื•ื 1 (100)ืžืงื•ื 3 (89)ืžืงื•ื 6 (82)ืžืงื•ื 3 (99)
ืคืกืคื•ืจื˜ื›ืืจื“ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 96 ืžืงื•ื 2 (98)ืžืงื•ื 1 (100)ืžืงื•ื 1 (92)ืžืงื•ื 1 (96)ืžืงื•ื 5 (97)
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืกืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 92 ืžืงื•ื 3 (96)ืžืงื•ื 3 (96)ืžืงื•ื 5 (88)ืžืงื•ื 3 (92)ืžืงื•ื 1 (100)
ืžื’ื“ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 86 ืžืงื•ื 4 (94)ืžืงื•ื 8 (77)ืžืงื•ื 8 (83)ืžืงื•ื 3 (92)ืžืงื•ื 5 (97)
ื”ืจืืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 86 ืžืงื•ื 5 (93)ืžืงื•ื 6 (82)ืžืงื•ื 5 (88)ืžืงื•ื 5 (91)ืžืงื•ื 1 (100)
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 91 ืžืงื•ื 6 (91)ืžืงื•ื 4 (92)ืžืงื•ื 1 (92)ืžืงื•ื 2 (93)ืžืงื•ื 8 (88)
ื›ืœืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 86 ืžืงื•ื 7 (88)ืžืงื•ื 5 (88)ืžืงื•ื 3 (89)ืžืงื•ื 6 (82)ืžืงื•ื 3 (99)
ืžื ื•ืจื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ 82 ืžืงื•ื 8 (87)ืžืงื•ื 7 (81)ืžืงื•ื 5 (88)ืžืงื•ื 6 (82)ืžืงื•ื 7 (94)

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” โ€” ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื

ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื 40% ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ. ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ืื• ืœืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื โ€” ื•ืœื›ืŸ "ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ืœืžื•" ื•"ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ" ื”ื ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื. ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช โ€” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฆื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื.

ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื. ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ โ€” ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืจื”-ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจืช: ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”. ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช โ€” ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื”, ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื“.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื™ ื™ืขื“: ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชืงืจื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช "ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช" ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกืข ืœื ื•ืกืข. ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืขื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ:

ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื™ืขื“
ื™ืขื“ ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืžื“ืจื™ืš
ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื; ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™. ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื•ื™ื–ืช ืฉื ื’ืŸ โ€” ื“ืจื™ืฉืช 30,000 ื”ื™ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื”, ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“
ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืงื ื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื” โ€” ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื” โ€” ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“
ืืกื™ื” ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื ืคืจื“, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ (ืฆืœื™ืœื”, ื˜ืจืงื™ื), ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื—ื•"ืœ ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“
ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื˜ืกื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื; ื˜ืจืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื "ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™" ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“
ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืกื•ืช, ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืขื“ ืขื ืื–ื”ืจืช ืžืกืข ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“

ื•ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื

ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื“: ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืžืœืื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื™ื™ื โ€” ื”ืขื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื โ€” ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื”ื›ื™ืก ื•ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืจ. ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื“.

ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช? ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื

ืืจื‘ืขืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™, ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืžื” ืžื•ื—ืจื’ โ€” ื•ืžื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื. ื‘ืœื™ "ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื—ื™ืจ" ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™: ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืžื“ื“ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”.

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืจืคื•ืื™

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • โ€ข ืืฉืคื•ื– ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ื
  • โ€ข ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ
  • โ€ข ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืคื•ืื™ โ€” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื ืคืจื“ ืื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•

ืžื” ืœื

  • โˆ’ ืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆื”ืจ
  • โˆ’ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ
  • โˆ’ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื โ€” ืœืžืขื˜ ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”

ืžื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™, ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื”

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • โ€ข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘
  • โ€ข ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”
  • โ€ข ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื›ืคื•ื™ื”

ืžื” ืœื

  • โˆ’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืขืช
  • โˆ’ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
  • โˆ’ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”

ืžื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: ืื™ืœื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช โ€” ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ

ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • โ€ข ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”
  • โ€ข ื ื–ืง
  • โ€ข ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘

ืžื” ืœื

  • โˆ’ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ
  • โˆ’ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš ืžืขืœ ืชืช-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ
  • โˆ’ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”

ืžื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: ืชืช-ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ื˜, ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™

ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • โ€ข ืกืงื™ ื•ืกื ื•ื‘ื•ืจื“
  • โ€ข ืฆืœื™ืœื” โ€” ืขื“ ืขื•ืžืง ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘
  • โ€ข ื˜ืจืงื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”

ืžื” ืœื

  • โˆ’ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช
  • โˆ’ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”
  • โˆ’ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”

ืžื” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: ื”ืื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™ โ€” ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง?

ืชื ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ืคื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœื™ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืขื ื“ืฃ ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”:

ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™
ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืœืžื”
ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” (ืื• ื—ืœืง ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืžื ื”) ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก โ€” ื•ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก
ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช; ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื• ืœื โ€” ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืขื“, ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืœ, ืื• ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื โ€” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื
ืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื—ืจื’ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”
ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืื• ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืจ

ืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง

  • ื™ืขื“ ืขื ืจืคื•ืื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื” โ€” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื ืžื•ืš ืžืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช.
  • ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™ โ€” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ืกื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.
  • ืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื™ื™ื โ€” ืžื•ื—ืจื’, ื‘ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘.
  • ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” โ€” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืœ.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช? 5 ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื

ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื โ€” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”

1

ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช

ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ืขื“ ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื•. ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ ื›ืœืœื™

2

ืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื™ื™ื

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืžืœืื”, ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš โ€” ื”ืขื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช

3

ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ

4

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื”

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€” ื•ืจืง ืื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”

5

ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” โ€” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช โ€” ื‘ืœื™ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ

ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš:

  1. 1
    ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืชื ืื™ื

    ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืขื“, ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืฆืขื” ื–ื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ืจ.

  2. 2
    ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™ โ€” ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ืœื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื

    ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื; ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื•.

  3. 3
    ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”

    ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจืช ืื—ืจืช ืžืฉืชื™ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช โ€” ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.

  4. 4
    ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช

    ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ โ€” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš.

  5. 5
    ืงื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”

    ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื—ื” โ€” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืจืง ืžืจื’ืข ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”.

ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ "ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืกืš 45%" ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืชื—ืกื›ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™. ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื›ื.

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช?

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืขื“ ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช โ€” ื•ืจืง ืื– ืžื—ื™ืจ

ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืืฉืจืื™?
ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืขื ื“ืฃ ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก โ€” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืฉื•ืœืžื” ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก. ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืชืงืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžื˜ืขื•ืช: ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื ืคื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”?
ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ, ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช โ€” ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืขื”. ืืฃ ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉื ื•ืงื‘ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืื—ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘?
ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื”, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€” ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ.

ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืœืกืงื™ ืื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™?
ื›ืŸ. ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื—ืจืช. ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.

ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช?
ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ. ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” โ€” ื•ื’ื ืœืžื” ืฉื ืกืคืจ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ืช "ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื“.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—?
ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช โ€” ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”: ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช (AIG ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”, 99 ืžื•ืœ 93), ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ โ€” ื“ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื•ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืชื ืื™ื. ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข ื›ืžื• "ืื—ื•ื– ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืขืœ 90% = ื˜ื•ื‘" ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืžืœืฅ

ื—ืžืฉ ื ืกืงืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืง โ†

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช โ†

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”

ืฉื ื’ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื โ†

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืืจื”"ื‘

ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื โ†

ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช AIG?

ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ืฃ, ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉื”. ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ AIG ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— โ†

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื