ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœืš 25-40% ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช. ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืชืžืฆื ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2026 ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืกื•ื’ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื’ื™ืœ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง ืขื•ืœื” 50-300 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ 300-1,500 ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื 40-200 ืฉ"ื—.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช: ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืื ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืžืœื” โ€” ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— - ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 50 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ-18,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœืื•ืจืš 30 ืฉื ื”. ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื: ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื–ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืงืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-40% ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืžื—ื™ืจ ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืœื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš - ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืŸ 30 ื™ืฉืœื ื›-40% ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืŸ 40 ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง - ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื–ื”ื”.

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” (2026)

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ | ื’ื™ืœ 35, ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ 1 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—

ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจื™ืกืง ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ
ื”ืจืืœ 80-250 ืฉ"ื— 350-800 ืฉ"ื— 60-180 ืฉ"ื— 150-450 ืฉ"ื—
ื›ืœืœ 70-230 ืฉ"ื— 320-750 ืฉ"ื— 55-170 ืฉ"ื— 140-420 ืฉ"ื—
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 75-240 ืฉ"ื— 340-780 ืฉ"ื— 58-175 ืฉ"ื— 145-440 ืฉ"ื—
ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ 65-220 ืฉ"ื— 300-700 ืฉ"ื— 50-160 ืฉ"ื— 130-400 ืฉ"ื—
ืžื ื•ืจื” 78-255 ืฉ"ื— 360-820 ืฉ"ื— 62-185 ืฉ"ื— 155-460 ืฉ"ื—
ื”ื›ืฉืจื” 72-235 ืฉ"ื— 330-760 ืฉ"ื— 56-172 ืฉ"ื— 142-430 ืฉ"ื—
ืžื’ื“ืœ 85-270 ืฉ"ื— 380-850 ืฉ"ื— 65-200 ืฉ"ื— 160-480 ืฉ"ื—
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ 55-200 ืฉ"ื— - 45-150 ืฉ"ื— 120-380 ืฉ"ื—

* ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ, ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2026.

ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” - ืžื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื?

ืจื™ืกืง ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจ-ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” - ืจื™ืกืง ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืงื•ื ื” ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืœ ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”, ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื• ื ืฉืืจ ืฉืœื›ื. ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื—ืจ, ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื• ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื - ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืฆืžื“ ืœื™ืชืจืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืจื™ืกืง ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืื—ื“.

ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืงืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช "ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืกื‘ื™ืจ" ืžื•ืœ "ืขื™ืกื•ืงื›ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™" โ€” ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื•ืœื ืชื’ืžื•ืœ.

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช - ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœืื™ 25 ืขื“ 60 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืจืคื•ืื™. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื ื•ืขืœืช ืคืจืžื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”.

ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง + ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”: ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื (1-2% ื‘ืฉื ื”). ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื 650 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช, ืฉืœืžื• 120 ืฉ"ื— ืขืœ ืจื™ืกืง + 530 ืฉ"ื— ืœืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช/ืคื ืกื™ื”. ืขืœ ืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื”, ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-50,000 ืฉ"ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื - ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืžืœืื”

ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืชืื™ื ืœืš?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง (ื˜ื”ื•ืจ)

50-300 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™: 500K-5M | ืžืžื•ืฆืข: 120 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • + ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื•ื•ืช
  • + ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช (10-30 ืฉื ื”)
  • + ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • - ืขืจืš ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ)
  • - ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”
  • - ื ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืžื—ืœื”

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืคื•ืจื˜

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

300-1,500 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™: 300K-3M + ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ | ืžืžื•ืฆืข: 650 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • + ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื•ื•ืช
  • + ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ืขืจืš ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
  • + ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • - ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ืžื• ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช
  • - ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช
  • - ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืคื•ืจื˜

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื

40-200 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™: ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื | ืžืžื•ืฆืข: 90 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • + ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืžื•ื•ืช
  • + ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ
  • + ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ืชืจื”

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • - ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื
  • - ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”
  • - ื ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ื›ืœ ืœื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืชื - ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืคื•ืจื˜

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

100-500 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™: 60-75% ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” | ืžืžื•ืฆืข: 250 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • + ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื‘ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
  • + ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืชืื•ื ื•ืช
  • + ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”

  • - ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™
  • - ืžื•ื•ืช (ื ืคืจื“ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื)
  • - ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืคื•ืจื˜

ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืกืง ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ?

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง + ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ (ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช/ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ) ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื•ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ื”ื—ืจื™ื’: ืื ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขืฆืžืš.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืคืจืžื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื•ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ

ื›ืžื” ืชืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš (ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ 1 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—)

ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืจื™ืกืง ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื™ืค
ืฆืขื™ืจ ืจื•ื•ืง (25-30) 50-80 ืฉ"ื— 200-400 ืฉ"ื— - 100-180 ืฉ"ื— ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืคืจืžื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืขื™ืœืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™
ื–ื•ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœืœื ื™ืœื“ื™ื (30-35) 70-120 ืฉ"ื— 300-500 ืฉ"ื— 50-90 ืฉ"ื— 150-250 ืฉ"ื— ืฉืงืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื“ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’
ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื (35-45) 120-250 ืฉ"ื— 450-800 ืฉ"ื— 80-150 ืฉ"ื— 200-400 ืฉ"ื— ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช - ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™
ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ (50-60) 180-350 ืฉ"ื— 600-1,200 ืฉ"ื— 120-250 ืฉ"ื— 300-500 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื’ื™ืœ 67+
ืขืฆืžืื™/ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง 150-300 ืฉ"ื— 500-900 ืฉ"ื— 100-200 ืฉ"ื— 350-600 ืฉ"ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ - ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉื™ื›ืกื”

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื?

6 ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืฉืœืš

1

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“

ื›ืœ 5 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘-30-50%. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.

2

ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“

ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืฉืงืœ ื™ืชืจ ืื• ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™.

3

ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 2 ืžื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—.

4

ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœ-30 ืฉื ื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœ-10 ืฉื ื™ื, ืืš ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื ืขื•ืœ.

5

ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืื• ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืืชื’ืจื™ ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื”.

6

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืจืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืชืฉืœืžื•? ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœื.

ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื?

ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

1

ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื?

ื›ืŸ - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื•ื‘ื”

ื˜ื™ืค ืงืจื™ื˜ื™: ืืœ ืชืงื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื ืง! ืขืฉื• ื ื™ื•ื“ ื•ื—ืกื›ื• 20-40%. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืขื•ืœื” 50-90 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช 80-150 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื‘ื ืง.

ืœื - ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืืœื” 2

ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื (ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’).

2

ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื (ื™ืœื“ื™ื / ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“)?

ื›ืŸ - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง ื—ื•ื‘ื”

ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข: ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— = 5-10 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ืžืคืจื ืก ื‘-15,000 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ 900K-1.8M ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœื•ืช: 80-200 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ.

ืœื - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™

ืื ืื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉืงืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ (500K) ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช. ืื• ื“ืœื’ื• ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

3

ืืชื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื?

ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื - ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™!

ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉื™ื›ืกื”. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืงืฆื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (200-500 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ) ื™ื›ืกื” 60-75% ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.

ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื - ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”. ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ืžืกืคื™ืง (ืœืจื•ื‘ 75% ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”) ื•ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืืจื•ื›ื”. ืฉืงืœื• ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืื ืฆืจื™ืš.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื - ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื

ืฆืขื™ืจ ืจื•ื•ืง (100-200 ืฉ"ื—)

ืจื™ืกืง ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ + ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ืขืœื• ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื (300-550 ืฉ"ื—)

ืจื™ืกืง ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ + ืžืฉื›ื ืชื + ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ. ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช!

ืขืฆืžืื™ (350-600 ืฉ"ื—)

ืจื™ืกืง + ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืขื™ืกื•ืง ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. ืœื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ืืŸ!

ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื?

ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืื:

  • 1
    ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

    ื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข

  • 2
    ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื

    ื”ื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื•

  • 3
    ืืชื” ื”ืžืคืจื ืก ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™

    ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœืš ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื

  • 4
    ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื

    ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช, ืืฉืจืื™ - ืืœ ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”

  • 5
    ืืชื” ืขืฆืžืื™/ื‘ืขืœ ืขืกืง

    ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืกื™ืง - ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขืฆืžืš

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉ

ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ: ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื 800,000 ืฉ"ื—, ื”ื›ื ืกื” 18,000 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ:

  • + ืžืฉื›ื ืชื: 800,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • + 5 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื”: 1,080,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • + ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื: 200,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • - ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช: -300,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: 1,780,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช: 150-200 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš?

ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื™ืกืง ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง (ื˜ื”ื•ืจ) ืžืกืคืง ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืžืงืจื” ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืœื ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ืขืจืš - ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ (50-300 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ) ืืš ื”ื›ืกืฃ "ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“" ืื ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ (350-1,500 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ) ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขื ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš - ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื. ืœืจื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง + ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ (ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช) ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš? ืื™ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™?

ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข: 5-10 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื™ ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— 15,000 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ 900,000-1,800,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื ื‘: ื™ืชืจืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ืœืืœืžืŸ/ื” (ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™, ืคื ืกื™ื”). ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.

ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื•ื‘ื”?

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช - ืœื. ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช: ืžืื– 2018 ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื ืง. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช "ื ื™ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื›ื ืชื" ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš 20-40% ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช.

ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื?

ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: 1) ื”ืคืจืžื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช - ื‘ืŸ 25 ืžืฉืœื ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื ื‘ืŸ 40 ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™. 2) ื ืขื™ืœืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ - ืื ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืจื›ืฉืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš. ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 50-100 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™.

ืžื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืคืจื˜ื™?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช: ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ื›ืฉืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ (ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื“ 3 ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช), ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” + ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื?

ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื: 1) ืื•ืชื• ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ 2) ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” 3) ืื•ืชื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื (exclusions) 4) ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืชื ื” 5) ืชื ืื™ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ 6) ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช. ืืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ - ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื