ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœืš ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 0.1% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืชืžืฆื ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช, ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช: ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืื ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืžืœื” โ€” ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”?

ืงืจืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš. ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš 30-40 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 0.2% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘-200,000 ืฉ"ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืืœื ื’ื ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืงืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืืš ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืžืงืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช.

ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”: ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 1% ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื›-25% ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืœืื—ืจ 30 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ.

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืจืŸ | ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026

ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช 2026 ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช, 5 ืฉื ื™ื
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.14% 1.53% 6.01% 10.60%
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืคื ืกื™ื” - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.15% 1.73% 6.91% 10.57%
ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœืœ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.14% 1.52% 8.36% 10.39%
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.11% 1.25% 6.60% 10.27%
ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžืงืคืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.14% 1.56% 7.02% 9.95%
ื”ืจืืœ ื”ืจืืœ ืคื ืกื™ื” - ื’ื™ืœืื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.16% 1.47% 8.54% 9.78%
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” 0.15% 1.24% 5.70% 8.24%

* ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ืžืื’ืจ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026. ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื โ€” ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืžืขืกื™ืง ื•ื‘ื•ื•ืชืง. ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชื•ื—: ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื?

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืคืฅ ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”: ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 0.11% ืขื“ 0.16%, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 0.05% ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช โ€” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืชืงืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ 0.5%. ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื”ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, 1.24% ืขื“ 1.73%, ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื”.

ื•ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™: ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืœ-2.36% (8.24% ืขื“ 10.60%) โ€” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื ืžืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงืจืŸ ืœืคื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช: ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื“ืื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืžืจืืฉ, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช, ื•ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื“ ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื™ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื: ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื•ืชืง ื•ืขืœ ื ืชื— ืฉื•ืง, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ืื• ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืชืฉืœืžื•. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื•ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื โ€” ื•ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ "ืžืกืœืงื” ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช" ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืงืจืŸ ืžืคืจืกืžืช.

ืชื•ื‘ื ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื”: "ื—ื•ืง ื”-20%"

ืื 80% ืžื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™, ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ 20% ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช (ืื ืืชื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื) ืื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื— (ืื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”). ืœืžื”? ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื”. ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืœื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื.

ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช: ืื™ื–ื• ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืš?

1

ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืš - ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืื• ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื? ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื•ึผื•ื“ืื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช โ€” ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”: ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืงืจืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ.

2

ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”? 20+ ืฉื ื™ื โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช. 10-20 ืฉื ื™ื โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™. ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10 โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื— ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™.

3

ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ืช? ื›ืŸ โ† ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ (ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช).

4

ื›ืžื” ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš? ืžืขืœ 200K โ† ื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“. ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-200K โ† ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื.

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื›ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืชืฉืœืžื•?

ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื ื’ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ, ืœืคื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื˜, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026

ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช 50 ืืœืฃ ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช 500 ืืœืฃ
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” 0.11% 1.25% 55 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 550 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 0.14% 1.53% 70 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 700 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ื›ืœืœ 0.14% 1.52% 70 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 700 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ืžื’ื“ืœ 0.14% 1.56% 70 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 700 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื 0.15% 1.24% 75 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 750 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 0.15% 1.73% 75 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 750 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ื”ืจืืœ 0.16% 1.47% 80 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” 800 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

* ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืงืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื”ืื—ื•ื– ื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื), ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืฉื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื.

ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ?

ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ 500,000 ืฉ"ื—, ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 0.1% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื” 500 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”, ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›-250 ืฉ"ื— โ€” ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื”.

ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” - ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื?

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ืขื ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื’"ื—

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช: 40-50%
ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื’"ื—: 35-45%
ืชืฉื•ืื” 2025: 11.5%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื, ื’ื™ืœ 30-50

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช: 65-75%
ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื’"ื—: 15-25%
ืชืฉื•ืื” 2025: 15.2%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 40, ืื•ืคืง ืืจื•ืš

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื—

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืขืจืš

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช: 10-20%
ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื’"ื—: 60-75%
ืชืฉื•ืื” 2025: 7.8%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”, ื’ื™ืœ 55+

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื™

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช: 35-45%
ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื’"ื—: 40-50%
ืชืฉื•ืื” 2025: 10.9%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช

ืžืกืœื•ืœ S&P 500

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™

ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช: 90-100%
ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื’"ื—: 0-5%
ืชืฉื•ืื” 2025: 18.5%

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื, ืื•ืคืง ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”? 5 ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื

1

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“

ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 0.1% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื

2

ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘-5 ื•-10 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”

3

ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื”

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช-ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœืš ื•ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš

4

ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ืงืจืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฉืœืžืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืžืœื•ืช

5

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง? ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืœืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื

5 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ:

  1. 1
    ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœืš

    ืื ืžืขืœ 0.3% ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” - ื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืจืŸ

  2. 2
    ื”ืชืื ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœืš

    ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’"ื—

  3. 3
    ืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช

    ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืชืงืจื”

  4. 4
    ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”

    ืžืกืคืจ ืงืจื ื•ืช = ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื. ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช

  5. 5
    ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื

    ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืกืคืง ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื”ืฉืคืขืช ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘: ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ 500,000 ืฉ"ื—, ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“

ื‘ืชืงืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช, 0.5% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”:

ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช: 2,500 ืฉ"ื—

ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”, 0.11%:

ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ืช: 550 ืฉ"ื—

ื”ืคืจืฉ: 1,950 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”

ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช: ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืชืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื.

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื?

ื’ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืจืŸ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ?

ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืคื ืกื™ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ืกื™ื”. ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืœื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื, ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื” ื–ื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช?

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจืŸ, ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืชืงืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื™ื 0.5% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื•-6% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืชืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ืš ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”. ื”ื˜ื™ืค: ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœ.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”?

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ื˜ื• (ืื—ืจื™ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ) ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•. ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 5-10 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื (ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช). ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืื—ืจืช?

ืฉืงื•ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืื: ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ - ืžืžืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืคืก ื•ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ืื• ืงื ืก ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ.

ืžื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™?

ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 40: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ ืขื ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื™ืœ 40-55: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ. ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 55: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื— ืื• ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™. ื”ื›ืœืœ: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช.

ืื™ืš ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?

ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื: 1) ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ืงืจืŸ - ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื ื—ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. 2) ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืจืŸ ืื—ืจืช ืขื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. 3) ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง - ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืชืงืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืงื™ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื”: 0.5% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื•-6% ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื”.

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื