ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ

ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” - ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื

ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง (0.2-0.5%). ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื”: ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงืจื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื”.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

ืœืžื” ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?

0.11%-0.16%
ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื
ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”
ืžื•ื‘ื ื”
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ
ื›ืœื•ืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”
ืžื•ื‘ื ื”
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื™ืจื™ื
ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืคื˜ื™ืจื”
ืคืฉื•ื˜
ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ื™ื ื
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืจืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช
ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ 50 ื•ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืจืŸ | ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื˜, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026

ืงืจืŸ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 0.14% 1.53% 10.60% 6.01% 60.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 0.15% 1.73% 10.57% 6.91% 15.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ื›ืœืœ 0.14% 1.52% 10.39% 8.36% 41.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ 0.11% 1.25% 10.27% 6.60% 31.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ืžื’ื“ืœ 0.14% 1.56% 9.95% 7.02% 39.7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ื”ืจืืœ 0.16% 1.47% 9.78% 8.54% 43.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื 0.15% 1.24% 8.24% 5.70% 18.0 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—

* ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ืžืื’ืจ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026. ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื—ื•ืกืš ื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช.

ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื”

ื›ืœืœื™

50% ืžื ื™ื•ืช, 50% ืื’"ื—

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™-ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื

ืžื ื™ื•ืช

80%+ ืžื ื™ื•ืช

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš

ืื’"ื—

80%+ ืื’"ื—

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”

ื”ืœื›ืชื™

ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืฉืจื”

ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ

ืžืชืื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ืœ

ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•

ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื (ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 40): ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช - ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช. ื’ื™ืœ 40-55: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™ - ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื— - ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆื‘ืจืชื.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”:

ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“

ืกื›ื•ื:

ืขื“ 75% ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข

ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ 3-6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืžืชื ื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื™ืจื™ื

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”:

ืงืฆื‘ื” ืœื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ืกื›ื•ื:

ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”

ื’ื ืื ื ืคื˜ืจืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”
ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ

4 ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”

1

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœ 5-10 ืฉื ื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”

2

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ื›ืœ 0.1% ื ื•ืกืฃ = ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉ"ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื”

3

ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ

ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’"ื—

4

ื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž

ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื‘ืงืฉ

ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ?

ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ: 500,000 ืฉ"ื—
ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื (0.2%)
1,000 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื (0.5%)
2,500 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”
ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื (1%)
5,000 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 30 ืฉื ื”: 0.8% ื™ื•ืชืจ ร— 30 ืฉื ื” = ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื”!

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ืื™ืŸ "ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ" ืื—ืช - ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš. ื‘ื“ื•ืง: 1) ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘-5-10 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช (ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื”). 2) ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ื›ืœ 0.1% ื—ืฉื•ื‘. 3) ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช. 4) ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™.
ื›ืžื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื?
ื”ืชืงืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืžืงื™ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื 0.5% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื•-6% ืžื”ื”ืคืงื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”: ืœืคื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื˜ (ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026) ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 0.11% ืœ-0.16%. ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž ืื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงืจืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืื—ืช?
ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืŸ. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช: ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” = ืžื™ืงื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ), ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืžืœื•ืช. ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื ืžืงื“ืžื™ ืงืฆื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื - ืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ! ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™.
ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ?
ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื™ื•ืช (ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืชืฉื•ืื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”). ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’"ื— (ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช). ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
ืื™ืš ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?
ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“: 1) ื‘ื—ืจ ืงืจืŸ ื™ืขื“. 2) ืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” (ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ). 3) ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ. ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื•ืงื—ืช 2-4 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืื• ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื ื”.

ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”?

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ื‘ื—ื™ื ื

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื