ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ื ื•ืคืฉ ืขืœ ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ

ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ - ืžืžื•ื ืข ืื• ื ื’ืจืจ - ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื•ืชืื. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื: ืžืงื™ืฃ 800-7,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ื”, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื•ื‘ืขืจืš. ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืชื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ

ืกื•ื’ ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ
ื”ืขืจื”
ื ื’ืจืจ ืงืœ (ืขื“ 750 ืง"ื’)
ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ
800-1,500 ืฉ"ื—
ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
ื ื’ืจืจ ื›ื‘ื“ (750-3,500 ืง"ื’)
300-600
1,200-2,500 ืฉ"ื—
ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ B+E
ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืžืžื•ื ืข ืงื˜ืŸ
800-1,200
2,500-4,500 ืฉ"ื—
ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ B
ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืžืžื•ื ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ
1,000-1,800
3,500-7,000 ืฉ"ื—
ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ C1
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ?

ื ื–ืง ืœืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื•ืช, ื ื–ืงื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช

ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ื

ืชื›ื•ืœื”

ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ

ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข

ืกืขืจื•ืช, ื‘ืจื“, ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ

ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื—ืจื™ื

ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—?

ืื—ืกื•ืŸ

ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืฉืžืื•ื—ืกืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืจ = ืคืจืžื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ

ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืœื ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ = ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ

ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ = ืคืจืžื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื•ืคื—ืช

ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื

ืคืื ืœื™ื ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื - ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžื›ื•ืกื™ื

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ

ื”ืื ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—?
ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’: ื ื’ืจืจ ืงืœ (ืขื“ 750 ืง"ื’) - ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื ื’ืจืจ ื›ื‘ื“ (ืžืขืœ 750 ืง"ื’) ื•ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืžืžื•ื ืข - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื•ืื ื™ื.
ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ?
ื ื’ืจืจ ืงืœ: ืžืงื™ืฃ 800-1,500 ืฉ"ื—. ื ื’ืจืจ ื›ื‘ื“: ื—ื•ื‘ื” 300-600 ืฉ"ื—, ืžืงื™ืฃ 1,200-2,500 ืฉ"ื—. ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืžืžื•ื ืข: ื—ื•ื‘ื” 800-1,800 ืฉ"ื—, ืžืงื™ืฃ 2,500-7,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš, ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
ื”ืื ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”?
ืœื ืชืžื™ื“. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืขืฆืžื•. ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืชื›ื•ืœื” (ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืฆื™ื•ื“) ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช. ืขืœื•ืช: ื›-1-3% ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื”.
ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ?
ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช (20-40%). ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื•ื ืชื™ - ืจืง ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
ื”ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืจืจ ืžื›ื•ืกื”?
ืœื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืžื›ืกื” ืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ. ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืจืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ืคืจื“. ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ืจื™ืจืช ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ - ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.

ืจืื” ื’ื:

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื’ืจื™ืจื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘

ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ?

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื•ืชืื ืœืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืฉืœืš

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื