ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืžืงื™ืฃ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืง ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” (ื’ื ื‘ืืฉืžืชืš), ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืืฉ, ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื. ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืžื•ืฆืข: 2,500-8,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ื”, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’.

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?

ื›ืœ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืชื—ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืื—ืช

ื ื–ืง ืขืฆืžื™ (ืชืื•ื ื”)

ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืœืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื ื”, ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ื”ืืฉื

ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”

ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”

ืืฉ

ื ื–ืงื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฆืชื”

ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข

ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืจื“, ืกืขืจื•ืช ื•ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™

ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื

ื ื–ืง ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื (ื›ืœื•ืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช)

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2026 ืœืคื™ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื”
ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ (ืขื“ 3 ืฉื ื™ื) 3,500-8,000 ืฉ"ื— ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’
ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ (4-7 ืฉื ื™ื) 2,500-5,500 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื•ืœ ืฆื“ ื’ + ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”
ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจื”/ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ 6,000-15,000 ืฉ"ื— ืคืจืžื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื—ืœืคื™ื
ื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ (17-24) 5,000-12,000 ืฉ"ื— ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 50-150% ืœืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
ื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ (ืขื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื) 4,000-10,000 ืฉ"ื— ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 30-80% ืœืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ?

ืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ - ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื•ืชืง ื ื”ื™ื’ื” - ื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฉืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช - ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช = ื”ื ื—ื”
ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื

ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?

ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ

ืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืžืฉืชืœื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื ื–ืง

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืงื™ืฃ

ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ/ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’

ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืื• ื”ื‘ื ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืงื™ืฃ

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืื•ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืงื™ืฃ

ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืŸ 10+ ืฉื ื™ื

ืœืจื•ื‘ ืฆื“ ื’ + ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืฉืงื•ืœ ืฆื“ ื’

ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-30,000 ืฉ"ื—

ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-15%+ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘

ืฉืงื•ืœ ืฆื“ ื’
ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?

6 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ื’ืจื™ื

1

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช

ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ 1,000-3,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช

2

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืกืš ื”ืกื“ืจ

ื”ืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืกืš ื”ืกื“ืจ? ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช?

3

ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืœื•ืคื™

ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื? ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืจื›ื‘? ื”ืื ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื”?

4

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืช

ื”ืื ื›ืœื•ืœ? ืžื” ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช?

5

ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช

ื›ืžื” ืื—ื•ื–? ื”ืื ื ืฉืžืจืช ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจื”?

6

ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื

ืงืจื ืืช ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื - ืžื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”?

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’?
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš - ืชืื•ื ื•ืช (ื’ื ื‘ืืฉืžืชืš), ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืืฉ, ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฆื“ ื’. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ืžื›ืกื” ืจืง ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” 2,500-8,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืฆื“ ื’ ืขื•ืœื” 400-1,200 ืฉ"ื—.
ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?
ืœื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ. ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช (ืื ื›ื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“).
ืžืชื™ ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?
ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข: ืื ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 10% ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘, ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื’. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” 25,000 ืฉ"ื— ืขื ืคืจืžื™ื” ืฉืœ 3,000 ืฉ"ื— (12%) - ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฆื“ ื’ + ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืื• ืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?
ื–ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืกืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื 1,500-3,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื”.
ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื›ืกื” ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ืืฉืžืชื™?
ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฆื“ ื’ ืฉืžื›ืกื” ืจืง ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื›ืกื” ื’ื ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื’ื ืื ืืชื” ื”ืืฉื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” (ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช).

ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื•ืš 60 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช - ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื