ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2026

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“

ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคืงื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืž-2017. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18 ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื•ืš 30,000-50,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช: ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืื ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืžืœื” โ€” ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืžื”ื• ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“?

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืžืคืงื™ื“ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคืงื™ื“ื” 50 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (600 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”) + 1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”. ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18.

50 ืฉ"ื—

ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช

1,500 ืฉ"ื—

ืžืขื ืง ืœื™ื“ื”

30-50K ืฉ"ื—

ืฆืคื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“

ืœืคื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” | ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” 07/2026

ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื: ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ โ€” ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืžื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื”.

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ

ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื
ืžื•ืจ 14.74% 22.3% 0.01% 641 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืื™ื ืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ 13.7% 18.49% 0% 609 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ 12.32% 19.43% 0.01% 584 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ 12.23% 18.18% 0.01% 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 12.19% 18.78% 0.01% 561 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ืจืืœ 12.19% 18.78% 0.01% 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
ืžื’ื“ืœ 11.94% 18.99% 0.01% 254 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 11.89% 18.97% 0.01% 389 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื 8.8% 16.15% 0.01% 8.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”: 12.22% (ื‘ื™ืŸ 8.8% ืœ-14.74%).

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื
ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ 8.51% 12.35% 0.02% 225 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ 7.8% 12.16% 0.02% 303 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 7.43% 11.37% 0.01% 197 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 7.28% 11.95% 0.02% 206 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื’ื“ืœ 7.14% 11.54% 0.01% 154 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ืจืืœ 7.06% 10.72% 0.01% 564 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื 6.04% 10.67% 0.02% 2.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”: 7.32% (ื‘ื™ืŸ 6.04% ืœ-8.51%).

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜

ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื
ืื™ื ืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ 6.13% 10.16% 0.01% 584 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ 5.93% 9.48% 0.01% 667 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ 5.56% 9.17% 0.01% 595 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื’ื“ืœ 4.89% 8.26% 0.01% 650 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื•ืจ 4.6% 8.49% 0.01% 569 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื 4.35% 7.4% 0.01% 1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 4% 6.29% 0.01% 627 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ืจืืœ 3.66% 6.09% 0.01% 1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
ื”ืคื ื™ืงืก 2.84% 5.14% 0.01% 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”: 4.66% (ื‘ื™ืŸ 2.84% ืœ-6.13%).

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ื”

ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื
ืžื•ืจ 11.18% 18.02% 0.01% 130 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืื™ื ืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ 8.79% 11.35% 0% 777 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ืจืืœ 8.66% 13.59% 0.01% 3.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
ืžื’ื“ืœ 6.68% 11% 0.01% 151 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื ื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื 6.35% 10.61% 0.01% 152 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื 5.38% 9.72% 0.01% 988 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ 3.82% 5.73% 0.01% 708 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ

ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”: 7.27% (ื‘ื™ืŸ 3.82% ืœ-11.18%).

ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜ โ€” ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— 07/2026 (ืื•ืžืช ื‘-2026-08-21). ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชื•ื—: ื›ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ?

ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ื‘-12,300 ืฉ"ื— ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18 (โ€1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ 50 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ). ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš 18 ืฉื ื”.

ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘: ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ (12.22%) ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18 ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›-48,000 ืฉ"ื—; ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ (4.66%) ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื›-20,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืคืขืจ: ื›-28,000 ืฉ"ื—, ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.

ื”ืกื™ื™ื’: ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื™ืžืฉืš 18 ืฉื ื”, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื ื—ื” ื•ืœื ืชื—ื–ื™ืช โ€” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืœื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

ืชื•ื‘ื ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื”: "ืืœ ืชืžื”ืจื• ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18"

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18 - ื˜ืขื•ืช! ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21 ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉืœ 10% ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” 5,000-6,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื”ื˜ื™ืค ื”ืืžื™ืชื™: ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ - ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”. ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืก ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœื• ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืœ 18!

ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช: ืื™ื–ื• ืงื•ืคื” ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื?

1

ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18? 10+ ืฉื ื™ื โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืžื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช. ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-5 ืฉื ื™ื โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฆื‘ืจ.

2

ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื - ืชืฉื•ืื” ืื• ืขืœื•ืช? ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ โ€” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18. ืžื” ืฉืžื›ืจื™ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ 12.22%, ื•ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืขืœ 4.66%.

3

ื”ื’ืจื™ืœื• ืœื›ื ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื—ืจืชื? ื‘ื“ืงื• ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื - ืื ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืž-9%, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•. ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช 10 ื“ืงื•ืช.

4

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ? ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 10 - ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 14 - ืฉืงืœื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” - ืื™ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื›ื?

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ
ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ื’ื‘ื•ื”
ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช: 9-14%
ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื (0-10)

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ

ื‘ืกื“ืจ
ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช: 6-10%
ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื

ืื’"ื— ืฉืžืจื ื™

ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ
ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ื ืžื•ืš
ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช: 3-5%
ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉื™ื›ื” (16-18)

ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ

ื ื•ื—
ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืžืฉืชื ื”
ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช: 5-12%
ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ืœ

ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18?

ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืช ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ 7-9%

ืฉื ืช ืœื™ื“ื” ื’ื™ืœ ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืคืงื“ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืฆืคื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18 ื”ืขืจื”
2020 6 ืฉื ื™ื ~9,000 ืฉ"ื— 35,000-50,000 ืฉ"ื— ืขื•ื“ 12 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”
2017 9 ืฉื ื™ื ~13,500 ืฉ"ื— 40,000-55,000 ืฉ"ื— ืขื•ื“ 9 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”
2014 12 ืฉื ื™ื ~18,000 ืฉ"ื— 35,000-45,000 ืฉ"ื— ืขื•ื“ 6 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”
2011 15 ืฉื ื™ื ~22,500 ืฉ"ื— 30,000-38,000 ืฉ"ื— ืขื•ื“ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”
2008 18 ืฉื ื™ื ~27,000 ืฉ"ื— 30,000-35,000 ืฉ"ื— ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš

ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18?

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืœืื”

ืจืง ืื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
ืžื™ืกื•ื™: ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก
ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœื›ืกืฃ
ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช

ื”ืฉืืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ
ืžื™ืกื•ื™: ืคื˜ื•ืจ (ืขื“ 21)
ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืชืฉื•ืื”
ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื ื’ื™ืฉ

ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ
ืžื™ืกื•ื™: ืคื˜ื•ืจ
ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื
ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื ืขื•ืœ ืขื“ 60

ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช

ืคืฉืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
ืžื™ืกื•ื™: ืคื˜ื•ืจ
ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช
ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“

ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 18 ืฉื ื”, ื›ืœ ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืœืงืจื™ืื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“.

1. ืชืฉื•ืื” ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื โ€” ืœื ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช

ืชืฉื•ืื” ื—ื“-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžืชื ืื™ ืฉื•ืง ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช. ืชืฉื•ืื” ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืจืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช โ€” ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 1% ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 18 ืฉื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›-8,000โ€“12,000 ืฉ"ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืœื“.

2. ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ โ€” ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช

ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” โ€” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™. ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.

3. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” โ€” ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš

ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ 0โ€“8, ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘-2โ€“4% ืœืฉื ื” ืžืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™. ื”"ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ" ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 18 ืฉื ื” โ€” ื”ืฉื•ืง ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉ. ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 16 ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืžืจื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืขื™ืœืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื.

4. ืงืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™

ืชืฉืืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจืฉืžื™ื: ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™? ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื—ืชื•ื? ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื 18 ืฉื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•.

5. ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“

ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” โ€” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ. ืื ืงื•ืคื” ืžืื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘-3 ืฉื ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืชืขื‘ืจื• ืœืœื ืงื ืกื•ืช.

ืžืงืจื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ: ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”

ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18. ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื–ืจื ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื™ืžืฉืš โ€” ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช.

ืžืงืจื” 1 โ€” ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื’ืจื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“. ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™: ืœืคื™ ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ 12.22% ืœืขื•ืžืช 4.66% ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ โ€” ืคืขืจ ืฉืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ 18 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ.

ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื: ื›-28,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืžืงืจื” 2 โ€” ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื

ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ 7.32%, ืœืขื•ืžืช 12.22% ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ. ืขืœ ืคื ื™ 18 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืœืื•ืช ื”ืคืขืจ ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื›-21,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช; ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœ 18 ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืžืชื”ืคืš. ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื, ืจืื• ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”.

ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ: ื›-21,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืžืงืจื” 3 โ€” ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช

ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ: ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ โ€” 14.74% ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ 8.8% ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืขืœ 18 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืœืื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›-33,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ืžืกืœื•ืœ.

ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ: ื›-33,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื™ืœื“

ืื ืžืชื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ ืงื•ืคื”, ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืื• ื‘ื ืงืื™ โ€” ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช. ืจืื• ื’ื ืืช ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

1

"ืžื” ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ?"

ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืขืจืš โ€” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื”.

2

"ืžื” ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ "ืชืงืจื”" ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”?"

ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื 0.5%, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช โ€” ื•ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉืื•ืœ.

3

"ืžื” ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืžื” ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ?"

"ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™" ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ 60% ืขื“ 100% โ€” ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.

4

"ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ?"

ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 18 ื—ืฉื•ื‘ โ€” ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.

5

"ืžื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18 โ€” ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ื”ืฉืืจื”, ืื• ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื”?"

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื›ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื.

6

"ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื ืื™ื?"

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” โ€” ื›ืœื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“?
ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืคืงื™ื“ื” 50 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืž-2017, ื•-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”. ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-2017 ืฆื‘ืจ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›-5,700 ืฉ"ื— ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช + ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื”.
ืื™ื–ื• ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“?
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืื™ื–ื• ืงื•ืคื” ืืœื ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ. ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 18, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื—ื•ื– ืžื–ื• ืฉื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜. ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื”.
ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ?
ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื’ื™ืœ 18 ื•ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21 ืœืœื ืžืก. ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 21, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ (25%). ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก.
ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืœืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช?
ื›ื“ืื™ ืื: ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘-3+ ืฉื ื™ื, ืื• ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืž-0.4%. ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” - ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื˜ื•ืคืก. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืงื•ืคื”?
ืื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืงื•ืคื” ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ืžื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื’ืจื™ืœื” ืงื•ืคื” ืืงืจืื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืœืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงื•ืคื” ืขื ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื.
ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ?
ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื (0-10) ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ - ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช. ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ 18, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืœื“?

ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงื•ืคื”

ืœืืชืจ ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื