ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืคื ืกื™ื” - ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื 2026

ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื—ืกื›ืชื? ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืš: ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช, ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช (ื”ื™ื•ื•ืŸ), ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื”: ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ืชื ืื™ ื–ื›ืื•ืช, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžืก ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”

3 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืคื ืกื™ื”

ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช - ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื

ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืงืฆื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ื•ืžืงื“ื ื”ืงืฆื‘ื”.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
  • ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืขื“ ืชืงืจื”
  • ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ
  • ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื”

ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช (ื”ื™ื•ื•ืŸ)

ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืขื“ 25% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ืกื›ื•ื ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ (ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง 2008). ื”ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื”. ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœื›ืกืฃ
  • ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
  • ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื
  • ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš

ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื

ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื“ื• ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืช ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื“ ืชืงืจื” ืฉืœ 13,310 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืขื“ ืชืงืจื”
  • ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช
  • ืœื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช
  • ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื”
ืชื ืื™ ื–ื›ืื•ืช

ืžืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš?

60+

ื’ื™ืœ 60

ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ 60 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ืกืคื™ื (ืขื ืžืก ืขืœ ื—ืœืง). ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.

67/65

ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื”

67 ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, 65 ืœื ืฉื™ื - ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืจืฉืžื™. ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืœืงืฆื‘ื”.

ืžื—ืœื”

ื ื›ื•ืช/ืžื—ืœื”

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื›ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” (75%+) - ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ.

ืžื•ื•ืช

ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงืฆื‘ืช ืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช.

ืžื™ืกื•ื™

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžืก ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” 2026

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืก ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื

ืกื•ื’ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืก ื”ืขืจื•ืช
ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืขื“ 9,120 ืฉ"ื— 0% ืชืงืจืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืช 2026
ืงืฆื‘ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืชืงืจื” 10%-47% ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”
ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช (ื”ื™ื•ื•ืŸ) - ื”ื•ื ื™ 25% ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื™ืืœื™
ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื - ืขื“ ืชืงืจื” 0% 13,310 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื - ืžืขืœ ืชืงืจื” ืฉื•ืœื™ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ ืฉืœืš
ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 35%+ ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื” + ืงื ืก

ื˜ื™ืค ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืก ืžืจืืฉ

ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืก ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”. ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉืœ 1,000-2,000 ืฉ"ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”.

ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš

6 ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื

1

ื‘ื“ืงื• ื–ื›ืื•ืช

ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื (ื ื›ื•ืช, ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื).

2

ืงื‘ืœื• ื“ื•ื— ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื”ืงืจืŸ ื“ื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”, ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื (ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื, ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื), ื•ืžืงื“ื ืงืฆื‘ื”.

3

ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืก

ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืก. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื.

4

ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”

ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘. ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

5

ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงืจืŸ

ืžืœืื• ื˜ืคืกื™ื, ืฆืจืคื• ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง, ื•ื˜ืคืกื™ ืžืก.

6

ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ

ืงืฆื‘ื” - ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ื. ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช - ืขื“ 30 ื™ื•ื.

ืื–ื”ืจื”: ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60

ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืคื ืกื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“ (35% ื•ืžืขืœื”) ื•ืงื ืกื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืชื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื - ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื.

ืืœ ืชืžืฉื›ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืืœื ืื ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™!

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืžืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ 60 (ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช) ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ (67 ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, 65 ืœื ืฉื™ื). ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื: ื ื›ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ 75% ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืกื›ื•ื ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“ (ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกืฃ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™), ืื• ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—. ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ื›ืžื” ืžืก ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”?
ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”: ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืขื“ 9,120 ืฉ"ื— (2026) ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžืก. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš - ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก. ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช (ื”ื™ื•ื•ืŸ) - 25% ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื™ืืœื™. ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื - ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืขื“ 13,310 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ - ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืฉื•ืœื™. ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 - ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ 35% ื•ืžืขืœื”.
ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช?
ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง (ืžืฉื ืช 2008), ืœืคื—ื•ืช 75% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืงืฆื‘ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื•ืŸ (ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช) ืขื“ 25%. ื™ืฉ ื—ืจื™ื’ ืœืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ (ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-95,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืขืจืš) - ืฉื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื”ื›ืœ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืขืช ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืงื“ื ืงืฆื‘ื” ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
ืžืงื“ื ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ 1,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืงื“ื ืฉืœ 200 ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ 1,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืชืงื‘ืœื• 5 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืงื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ = ืงืฆื‘ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช (ืœืคื ื™ 2008) ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ - ืืœื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื!
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื›ืกืฃ ืื ื ืคื˜ืจืชื™?
ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” - ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขืชื (ืื• ืœื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื ืœื ืงื‘ืขืชื). ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื” - ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”: ื™ืฉ ืงืจื ื•ืช ืขื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” (ืœืžืฉืœ 20 ืฉื ื”) ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืœืฉืื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื.
ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื”?
ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืžืก: ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืชืงืจื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžืก, ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ืก: ื›ืœ 100,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื = ื›-500-600 ืฉ"ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื”. ืื ืืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ - ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš. ืื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” - ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ.

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื”?

ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื—ื™ื ื
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื