ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ ืœื“ื™ืจื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื”, ืขืฉืŸ, ื•ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™. ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื”: ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื›ื•ืกื”, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืงืจืชื” ืฉืจื™ืคื”.

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื

ืžื” ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ?

ื ื–ืงื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื”

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืœื ืœื ื–ืง ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืืฉ

ื ื–ืงื™ ืขืฉืŸ

ืคื™ื—, ืขืฉืŸ ื•ืจื™ื— ืฉืจื™ืคื”

ื ื–ืงื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™

ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ

ื”ืจื™ืกื” ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™

ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืกืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื

ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื™

ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื

ื”ืฆืชื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช

ืืœื ืื ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฆื“ ื’

ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช

ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ื“ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื

ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžื ื™ืขื”
ืชืงืœื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช 35% ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช
ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืœืœื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” 25% ื’ืœืื™ ืขืฉืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—
ื ืจื•ืช/ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื 15% ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืืฉ ื’ืœื•ื™ื”
ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ื 12% ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ืœื™ืงื™ื
ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช 8% ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
ืื—ืจ 5% ืžื˜ืคื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื–ืžื™ืŸ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” - ืืœื” ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช

ื“ื™ืจื”

100-300 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื”

ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™

200-500 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื ื’ื–

+50-100 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื’ื– ืžืจื›ื–ื™

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ

+30% ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ืฉืŸ = ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ

ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช

ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื”?

1

ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื

ืืœ ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ื—ืคืฉื• ืขื–ืจื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืื ืฆืจื™ืš.

2

ืชืขื“ื• ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง

ืฆืœืžื• ื”ื›ืœ - ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—.

3

ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืœืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™. ื”ื ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื™ื“ืจื™ื›ื• ืืชื›ื.

4

ืฉืžืจื• ืงื‘ืœื•ืช

ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื” - ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“, ืžื–ื•ืŸ - ืฉืžืจื• ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช

ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ื’ืœืื™ ืขืฉืŸ

ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื”, ืœื™ื“ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ื‘ื“ืงื• ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ

ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื—ืฉืžืœืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช.

ืžื˜ืคื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™

ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืžื˜ืคื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•.

ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—

ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืœืœื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”. ื›ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื– ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ

ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœ?
ื›ืŸ! ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ืืฉ, ืขืฉืŸ, ื•ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื”.
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื ื’ืจืžื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™?
ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืกื”, ืืœื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ: ืฉื›ื—ืช ืกื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ - ืžื›ื•ืกื”. ื”ืฆืชื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช - ืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื”. ืื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ - ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™.
ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ืขืฉืŸ ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื?
ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื’ืจืžืช ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ืชื—ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช. ืื ื”ืขืฉืŸ ืžื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœืš ืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ื™ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ืœืฉื›ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฆื“ ื’.
ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื”?
ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ื–ืง. ื ื–ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื (ืขื“ 20,000 ืฉ"ื—): 2-4 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื ื–ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื: 1-3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœืœ: ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉืžืื™, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื ื–ืง, ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื. ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืงื‘ืœื•ืช) ืžื–ืจื– ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
ื”ืื ื’ืœืื™ ืขืฉืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื”?
ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช - ื‘ืขืจืš 2-5%. ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช (ืกืคืจื™ื ืงืœืจื™ื) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ 10-15%. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื’ืœืื™ ืขืฉืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืžื™ื”.

ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ื’ืŸ?

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช - ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื