ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— + ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืื—ืช

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื. ืืชื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ืช. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ: 200โ€“1,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืกื‘ืจ

ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ (ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ) ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืžื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ (ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง) ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืฆื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” (ืื• ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื”) ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืช ืคื˜ื™ืจื” โ€” ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ: ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ืื• ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื‘ืจืช.

ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™: ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืžื ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืžืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื—ืœืง ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™, ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื•ืฉืงืข. ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื.

ืฉื™ื ืœื‘: ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™

ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง ื ืคืจื“ + ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชืฉื•ืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื.

ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”?

  • ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืžืจืืฉ
  • ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืข ื•ื ืฆื‘ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
  • ืขืจืš ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ โ€” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช (ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื ืงื ืก)
  • ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”
  • ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ
  • !ืขืžืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”
  • !ืงื ืก ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” โ€” ืžื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ?

ืฉืืœืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืœ โ€” ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ?

ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”
ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช (ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ + ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™)
ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื“ื•ืช (ืขื ืงื ืก) ื ืขื•ืœ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 60+
ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช (0.5-1.5%) ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช (0.1-0.5%)
ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื ื›ื•ืช + ืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื
ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœื
ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื›ื™ืจ? ื›ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ื›ืŸ โ€” ื—ื•ื‘ื”
ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžืื™? ื›ืŸ, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื›ืŸ โ€” ืขื™ืงืจื™

ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืขื“ ื”ืชืงืจื” (ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก), ื•ืจืง ืื– ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืขืฆืžืื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ.

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื

ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื

ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช ืื•ืคืง ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื”
200โ€“400 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ~500,000 ืฉ"ื— 20 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืฉื•ืื” 5% ืฉื ืชื™
500โ€“800 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ~1,000,000 ืฉ"ื— 20 ืฉื ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ
ืžืขืœ 1,000 ืฉ"ื—/ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืขืœ 1,500,000 ืฉ"ื— 20 ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ืชืฉื•ืื”

* ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืจืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื•ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง. ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™.

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช
6โ€“8% ืฉื ืชื™
ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ
4โ€“6% ืฉื ืชื™
ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™
2โ€“4% ืฉื ืชื™
ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš
ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช โ€” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ื‘ืชื ืื™ื)
  • ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— + ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜
  • ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ
  • ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืงื—ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”
  • ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœืคื™ ืจืžืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ืช
  • ืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

  • ืขืžืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”
  • ืชืฉื•ืื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช โ€” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง
  • ืงื ืก ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
  • ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืคื ืกื™ื”
  • ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืžืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”
  • ืœืจื•ื‘ ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื™ืกืง+ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ืคืจื“
ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื

ืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื?

ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ "ื›ื•ืคื”" ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”. ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžืฉืžืขืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ. ืจืื” ื’ื: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื.

ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช

ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื›ืกืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื” โ€” ืœืงื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ืœืžืžืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื โ€” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืข ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื•ืขืœืช ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 60+.

ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ืฆื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”

ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืฆื• ืืช ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื” โ€” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืžื ื ืœืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืขื•ืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฆื•ื•ืื” ื•ืœืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืžืคืฉื˜ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื•ืจืฉื” ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื โ€” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœื”ื•ืจืฉื”.

ืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ื?

ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง โ€” ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื™ืกืง ื‘ื ืคืจื“ + ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืžืžื•ืœืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?
ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”: ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื ื•ืขืœืช ื›ืกืฃ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื”. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ: ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ืขื ืงื ืก), ืžืชืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™.
ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”?
ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ืืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื ืขืžืœืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช (1-5) ืขืžืœื•ืช ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
ืžื” ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ?
ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช: 6-8% ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ: 4-6%. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™/ืื’"ื—: 2-4%. ื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืง.
ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก?
ื—ืœืงื™ืช. ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ื›ืžื• ืคื ืกื™ื”. ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืขืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ. ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืก ืœืคื ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืžืœืฅ.
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืคื˜ื™ืจื”?
ื”ืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— + ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ. ื–ื”ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ โ€” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฆื•ื•ืื” ื•ืขื™ื–ื‘ื•ืŸ, ืœืœื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื.
ื”ืื ืขืฆืžืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ?
ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™. ืื•ืœื, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” (ืขื“ ืชืงืจื”), ื•ืจืง ืื– ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ืžืฆื ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš

ืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” โ€” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”, ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘? ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช, ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ื—ื™ื ื
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื