ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2026

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 17-24 ืžืฉืœืžื™ื 50-100% ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื”: ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช, ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 40%.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช: ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืื ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืžืœื” โ€” ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

5,000-15,000
ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ
800-2,000
ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’
50-100%
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื ื•ืกื”
ืขื“ 40%
ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™

ืœืžื” ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?

ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”: ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 2-3 ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœืž"ืก, ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 17-24 ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื›-10% ืžื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืืš ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘-25% ืžื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืžื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ื•ืชืง ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื ื” ื”ื ื—ื”, ื•ืžื’ื™ืœ 24-25 ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื.

ื˜ื™ืค: ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš 2,000-4,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.

ื›ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ

ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืœืฆื“ ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืกื โ€” ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืชื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื”ื’, ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ "ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช" ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืžืœื. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื”ื•ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืื™ืชื• ืžืงื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ. ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืืŸ.

ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืคื•ืœ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืคืจืžื™ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•

ืœืคื™ ื ืคื— ืžื ื•ืข | ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2026 - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื“ื“

ื ืคื— ืžื ื•ืข ื ื˜ื• ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•
ืขื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ 1,338 ืกืž"ืง 2,609 3,584 ืฉ"ื—
ืž-1,339 ืขื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ 1,460 ืกืž"ืง 2,714 3,728 ืฉ"ื—
ืž-1,461 ืขื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ 1,797 ืกืž"ืง 2,958 4,063 ืฉ"ื—
ืž-1,798 ืขื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ 1,993 ืกืž"ืง 3,207 4,406 ืฉ"ื—
ืž-1,994 ืขื“ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ 2,670 ืกืž"ืง 3,381 4,644 ืฉ"ื—
ืžืขืœ 2,671 ืกืž"ืง 3,059 4,202 ืฉ"ื—

ืžืงื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ื โ€” ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ

ื”ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืคื•ืœ, ืžื•ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’

  • ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 23 ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช 4%
  • ื’ื™ืœืื™ 24-26 ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ื—ื” 12%
  • ื’ื™ืœืื™ 27-29 ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ื—ื” 20%
  • ื’ื™ืœืื™ 30-46 ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื ื—ื” 28%
  • ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 47 ื”ื ื—ื” 33%

ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’

  • ื–ื›ืจ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 23 ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช 10%
  • ื–ื›ืจ ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 23 ืชื•ืกืคืช 5%
  • ื ืงื‘ื” ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™

ืื™ืš ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช?

ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื โ€” ื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืชืง, ืกื•ื’ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื ืคื— ืžื ื•ืข. ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžื™.

ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ืœืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืœืฆื“ ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื›ื™ ืืœื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชืžื—ืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื”. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื โ€” ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืช, ืื•ืชื• ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ โ€” ื•ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื™.

* ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ("ื”ืคื•ืœ"), ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2026 - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื“ื“ (ืื•ืžืช ื‘-2026-08-21). ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืงื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ื ืžื•ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ.

ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ

ื›ืžื” ืชืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœืš

ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ื”ืขืจื•ืช
17-18 8,000-15,000 ืฉ"ื— 1,200-2,000 ืฉ"ื— ื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ + ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“
19-20 6,500-12,000 ืฉ"ื— 1,000-1,700 ืฉ"ื— ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”
21-22 5,500-10,000 ืฉ"ื— 850-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
23-24 4,800-8,500 ืฉ"ื— 750-1,300 ืฉ"ื— ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ

ืžืชื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“?

ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 21 (ื‘ืขืจืš 15% ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 18). ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช: ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 24 (ื›-30% ืคื—ื•ืช). ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืžื—ื™ืจ "ืจื’ื™ืœ": ื’ื™ืœ 25-27 ืขื 3+ ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืชืง ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช.

ืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ?

ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื—ืกื•ืš

ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 17-21 ืžืฉืœืžื™ื 50-100% ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื ื•ืกื”. ืžื’ื™ืœ 24 ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.

ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื’ื™ืœ 21 = ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 5-10%

ื•ืชืง ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“

ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” = ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจ. ืขื ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ื•ืชืง ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“.

3 ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืชืง = 20-30% ืคื—ื•ืช

ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ืจื›ื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ ืื• ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ = ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืจื›ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ = ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืจื›ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ = 15-25% ืคื—ื•ืช

ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™-ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ = ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” = ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” = 10-20% ืคื—ื•ืช

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“

ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” = ืขื“ 40% ืคื—ื•ืช

ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจืื– ืฉื ืชื™

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขื˜? ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ืขื“ 10,000 ืง"ืž = ืขื“ 30% ืคื—ื•ืช

ืžืงื™ืฃ ืื• ืฆื“ ื’ ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ?

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ

5,000-15,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ: 7,500 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”:

  • ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืชืื•ื ื”
  • ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžืœืื” ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช
  • ืืฉ ื•ื ื–ืงื™ ื˜ื‘ืข
  • ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื
  • ืฉืžืฉื•ืช (ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ืœื•ืœ)

ืžืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ:

  • + ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืœ 30,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • + ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’
  • + ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™
  • + ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืจื‘ื”

ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืื:

  • - ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-20,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • - ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืžืขืœ 15% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’

800-2,000 ืฉ"ื—

ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ: 1,200 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”:

  • ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื
  • ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
  • ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืžืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆื“ ื’:

  • + ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-30,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • + ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื
  • + ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืœืžืงื™ืฃ ืžืขืœ 15% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืื:

  • - ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื™ืงืจ
  • - ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’/ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ

ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ

ืื ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืžืงื™ืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืž-15% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื’. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 40,000 ืฉ"ื— ื•ืคืจืžื™ื” ืฉืœ 7,000 ืฉ"ื— (17.5%) = ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฆื“ ื’. ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-25,000 ืฉ"ื—, ืฆื“ ื’ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

6 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœืš 30-50% ืžื”ืคืจืžื™ื”

1
ืขื“ ืขื“ 40% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ

ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10,000 ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขื“ 40%. ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” โ€” ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชื ืื™ื.

2
ืขื“ 10-20% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช

ื”ืขืœืื” ืž-1,500 ืœ-3,000 ืฉ"ื— ืชื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื‘-10-20%. ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ - ืชืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื”.

3
ืขื“ 15-25% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืจื›ื‘ ืฆื ื•ืข

ื‘ื—ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื ืžื ื•ืข ืงื˜ืŸ (ืขื“ 1.4 ืœื™ื˜ืจ). ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืจื›ื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ ืื• SUV.

4
ืขื“ 10-15% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ื ืคืจื“ืช.

5
ืขื“ 5-10% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ื”ื ื—ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืฉืืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื” โ€” ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืฆืžื•.

6
ืขื“ 5-10% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืงื•ืจืก ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจืก ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ืช.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ

ืœืคื ื™: ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืŸ 20, ืžืื–ื“ื” 3 2020

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ: 9,500 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื:

  • - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ (8,000 ืง"ืž/ืฉื ื”): -2,500 ืฉ"ื—
  • - ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช: -800 ืฉ"ื—
  • - ื”ื ื—ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜: -500 ืฉ"ื—

ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื•ืคื™: 5,700 ืฉ"ื—/ืฉื ื”

ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ: 3,800 ืฉ"ื— (40%)

ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื?

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช

ืœืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš - ื•ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช

ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18-22 ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ - ืคื™ 3-4 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืชืžื—ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช: ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื“ื ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 4% ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 23, ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ 12% ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 24-26 ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ 20% ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 27-29. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืืœื ืžืงื“ื ืฉืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘.

ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืงืœ ืœืคืกืคืก - ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” (ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ), ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืœืช ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื•ืžื” ืœื, ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ืฉื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš 30-40% ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื ื•ืกืข ืžืขื˜, ื•ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžื™ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื.

ื˜ื™ืค ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™: ื”ื ื—ืช "ื ื”ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ" ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื›"ื ื”ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ" ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-2,000-4,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื”ืงืืฅ': ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื”ื•ืจื”. ืื ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื”.

ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื?

ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืŸ 17-19 ืขื ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ (ืขื“ 40,000 ืฉ"ื—)

โ† ืฉืงืœื• ืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืœืžืงื™ืฃ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืž-15% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”. ืื ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขื˜, ื‘ืงืฉื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ

ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืŸ 20-22 ืขื ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ (50,000-80,000 ืฉ"ื—)

โ† ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื. ื‘ืงืฉื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืž-3 ืขื“ 5 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืื•ืชื• ืกืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”. ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื”

ื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื ื•ืกืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (15,000+ ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื”)

โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœื ื™ืฉืชืœื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื›ื–ื”. ื‘ืจืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช โ€” ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื’ืจื™ืจื” ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื โ€” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืกื•ืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื“ื™ืง ืคืขืจ ืžื—ื™ืจ

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 18?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœื ื”ื’ ื‘ืŸ 18 ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 8,000-15,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ืขื•ืœื” 1,200-2,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.

ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืื• ืฆื“ ื’?

ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื›ืœืœ ืืฆื‘ืข: ืื ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ืœืžืงื™ืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืž-15% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฆื“ ื’. ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 50,000 ืฉ"ื— - ืื ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืœ 7,500 ืฉ"ื—, ืฉืงื•ืœ ืฆื“ ื’. ืœืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-25,000 ืฉ"ื— - ืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉืชืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ?

ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืชื—ืžืงื•ืช: ืœืคืจืžื™ื™ืช ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืฆื“ ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืกื, ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืชืฆื ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ื•ื•ืชืง, ื‘ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืฉืžื™ โ€” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื. ืœืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืœืฆื“ ื’ ื‘ืงืฉื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืž-3 ืขื“ 5 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืื—ืจืช ืืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฆืจ.

ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ?

ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช: 1) ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขื˜ (ืขื“ 40% ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ) 2) ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช (10-20%) 3) ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ ืฆื ื•ืข ืขื ืžื ื•ืข ืงื˜ืŸ (15-25%) 4) ื”ื•ืกืคื” ืœืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื (10-15%) 5) ื”ื ื—ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื (5-10%). ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš 30-50%.

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘?

ื›ืŸ, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 5-10%, ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ. ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืื™ื ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื›ืชืขืจื™ืฃ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžืฉืชืœื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.

ืžืชื™ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ?

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”: ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 21, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 24, ื•ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืžื—ื™ืจ "ืจื’ื™ืœ" ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 25-27 ืขื 3+ ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืชืง. ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื ื” ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช.

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื