ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ 2026

ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช 2026

ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืืคื™ืงื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื”, ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60. ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื”: ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช, ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื”, ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช: ื“ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืื ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืžืœื” โ€” ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื™ื›ื. ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื›ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื”

ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™

ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” 07/2026

ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”

ื”ืจืืœ ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืœืœื™

ื”ืจืืœ

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ื’ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

0.55%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื

8.52%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื

12.89%

ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ื›ืกื™ื

6.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื”: 0%

ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ืช - ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืœืœื™

ืื ืœื™ืกื˜

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ื’ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

0.62%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื

8.1%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื

11.82%

ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ื›ืกื™ื

4.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื”: 0%

ืžื•ืจ ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” - ื›ืœืœื™

ืžื•ืจ

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ื’ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

0.72%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื

7.91%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื

11.86%

ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ื›ืกื™ื

5.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื”: 0%

ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื›ืœืœื™

ืžื™ื˜ื‘

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ื’ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”

0.61%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื

7.81%

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช 3 ืฉื ื™ื

11.95%

ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ื›ืกื™ื

3.7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืงื“ื”: 0%

ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜ โ€” ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— 07/2026 (ืื•ืžืช ื‘-2026-08-21). ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืข ืœื—ื•ืกืš ื—ื“ืฉ. ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

ืœืžื” ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”?

6 ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืืคื™ืง ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื”

ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื”

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช (ืขื ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ). ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”.

ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืก ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ

ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 ื•ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื 5 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช - ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœื ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ!

ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื

0.3-0.85% ื‘ืฉื ื” - ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืงืจื ื•ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”.

ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื

ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืื’"ื—, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘, ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ - ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื“ืคืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš.

ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืงืœื”

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช. ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื–ื•ื›ื”.

ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”

ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืจืช ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช (ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช). ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” vs ืคื ืกื™ื” vs ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช

ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช
ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” (ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื) ื ืžื•ื›ื” (ื’ื™ืœ 60+) ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช (6 ืฉื ื™ื)
ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ 25% (ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ 60) ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ 6 ืฉื ื™ื
ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ 0.3-0.85% 0.2-0.5% 0.4-1%
ื”ืคืงื“ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืชืงืจื” ืชืงืจื” + ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื + ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ
ืžืชืื™ื ืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™
ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื”

ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืš?

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

80%+ ื‘ืžื ื™ื•ืช. ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”.

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืื•ืคืง 10+ ืฉื ื™ื

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”

7-12%

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ืœืœื™/ืžืื•ื–ืŸ

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื’"ื—. ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืฉื•ืื”.

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ืื•ืคืง 5-10 ืฉื ื™ื

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”

5-8%

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื—/ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืื’"ื— ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ืงื•ื ืฆืจื ื™. ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ื ืื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”

3-5%

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื”

ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ 60.

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ืœ

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”

5-9%

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ื•"ืœ

ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”

ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื’"ื— ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื˜"ื—.

ืžืชืื™ื ืœ: ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ืื•ืคืง ืืจื•ืš

ืชืฉื•ืื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”

6-11%

ืžืชื™ ืžืชืื™ื

ืžืชื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”?

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“

ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ

ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ

ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื”

ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืคืงื™ื“ ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช, ื–ื” ื”ืืคื™ืง ื”ื‘ื.

ืฉืงื•ืœ

ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื

ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“. ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ

ืžืฉืงื™ืข ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ืœ

ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื™ืง ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“

ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื’ื™ืœ 60

ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 ื•-5 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื

6 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”

1

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”

ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื—ืคืฉ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.

2

ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ

ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.3% ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš 20 ืฉื ื”. ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž.

3

ื”ืชืื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืื•ืคืง

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื•ืคืง ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.

4

ืฉืงื•ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ

ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ื— ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”.

5

ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช

ืงื•ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืคืจืกืžืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืงืœ.

6

ืืœ ืชืคื–ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™

ืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกืจื‘ืœ.

ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช - ืœืžื” ื–ื• ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื

ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ - ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื 25%, ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 6 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืจ ืฉื—ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืขืฆืžืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืขื“ 18,480 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” (2026) ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ - ื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืื—ืจ.

ื“ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš. ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 0.5% ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ 0.5% ืœืขื•ืžืช 1.0%) ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจ 20 ืฉื ื” ืœื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 15-20% ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ืขืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 500,000 ืฉ"ื—, ื–ื” ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ 75,000-100,000 ืฉ"ื— - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืืœ ืชื”ืกืกื• ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงืจืŸ ืื ืžืฆืืชื ืชื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืงืœื” ื•ืœืœื ืขืœื•ืช.

ื˜ื™ืค ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™: ืขืฆืžืื™ื - ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืžืก

ืขืฆืžืื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชืงืจืช 18,480 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ืชื™ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ - ื”ื–ื“ืจื–ื•! ื”ืคืงื“ื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืฉื ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืฉืงืœ ืฉืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขื“ ืœืชืงืจื” = ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืก ืฉืœ 35-47% (ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื”) + ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœื ื ื™ืฆืœืชื ืืช ื”ืชืงืจื” - ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืก ื—ื™ื ื.

ืื™ื–ื• ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ื?

ืžืฉืงื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš (6+ ืฉื ื™ื) ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช

โ† ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื• ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— 5.87%-8.52% ืœืคื™ ื’ืžืœ ื ื˜ โ€” ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืคื”, ื•ื”ืฉื•ื• ืชืฉื•ืื” ื•ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“

ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ (3-5 ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœ 60)

โ† ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื• ืื’"ื—ื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ื• - ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืงื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืก. ืืœ ืชืกื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื‘-3-5 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ - ืฉื•ืง ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ

ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื’ืžื™ืฉ

โ† ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืงื“ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ, ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื–ืจื™ื. ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”

ืžื” ื–ื” ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”?
ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ (ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื) ืขื ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืœืœื ืชืงืจื”. ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 ื•-5 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช - ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืœื ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ (25%).
ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”?
ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”: ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื ืขื•ืœ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 60+, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื (ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืจ), ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ืงืฆื‘ื”. ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ: ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืžืชื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื”, ืœื ืจืง ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”.
ื›ืžื” ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื”?
ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 0.3-0.85% ืžื”ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื–ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžืงืจื ื•ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช (1-2%) ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”. ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื•"ืž - ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘-20-50% ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 0.3% ืขืœ ืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60?
ืื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 (ืื• ืœืคื ื™ 5 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช), ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 25% ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ). ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื”ืคืงื“ืช 100,000 ืฉ"ื—, ื™ืฉ ืœืš 130,000 ืฉ"ื— - ืชืฉืœื 25% ืขืœ 30,000 = 7,500 ืฉ"ื— ืžืก. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืœื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง ืจื’ื™ืœ.
ื”ืื ื›ื“ืื™ ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืื• ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช?
ืœืจื•ื‘ ืงื•ืคืช ื’ืžืœ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ืขื“ื™ืคื”: 1) ื“ืžื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (0.3-0.8% ืœืขื•ืžืช 1-2%) 2) ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœ 60 3) ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™. ืงืจืŸ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืจืง ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ, ืื• ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช (ื™ื•ื ืžืกื—ืจ ืื—ื“).
ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื”?
ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืง ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ: ืื•ืคืง ืืจื•ืš (10+ ืฉื ื™ื) - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื ื™ื™ืชื™ (ืชืฉื•ืื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช). ืื•ืคืง ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ (5-10) - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ. ืื•ืคืง ืงืฆืจ (ืขื“ 5 ืฉื ื™ื) - ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืื’"ื—. ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื? ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”?

ื”ืฉืืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื’ืžืœ

ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื ื
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื