ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ืฉืœืš ื•ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ื”ืขืœื•ืช: 800-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.

800-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ื”
ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง

ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›"ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคืœืช"ื“" (ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื), ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 1975. ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืืฉืžื”.

ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื›ืกื”:

  • ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืฉืคื•ื–, ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืฉื™ืงื•ื)
  • ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื—ืœืžื”
  • ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืช ืฆืžื™ืชื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ืžื”ืชืื•ื ื”
  • ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช (ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’, ื™ืœื“ื™ื)
  • ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืคื’ืข

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื•ื ื ื–ืง ืจื›ื•ืฉื™. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ืกื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš, ืœืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ, ืœื’ื“ืจ ืฉืคื’ืขืช ื‘ื”, ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ. ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ.

ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ "ืœืœื ืืฉื"

ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ "ืœืœื ืืฉื" (No Fault). ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœืชืื•ื ื”. ื ื”ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืฉื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื•ื ืคืฆืข - ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืืฉืžื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?

ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 800 ืœ-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืื• ืฆื“ ื’, ื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืคื•ืงื—.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ

  • ื ื”ื’ ืฆืขื™ืจ (ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 24)
  • ื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ (ืขื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืชืง)
  • ืจื›ื‘ ื“ื•-ื’ืœื’ืœื™ (ืื•ืคื ื•ืข, ืงื˜ื ื•ืข)
  • ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ

  • ื•ืชืง ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ 3+ ืฉื ื™ื
  • ื’ื™ืœ 24 ื•ืžืขืœื”
  • ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ
  • ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื˜ืกื˜. ืื ื”ื˜ืกื˜ ืชืงืฃ ืœ-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœ-12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ืื™ืคื” ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช:

ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช

ื”ืจืืœ, ื›ืœืœ, ืžื’ื“ืœ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฉื™ืจ, AIG ื•ืขื•ื“. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืกื ื™ืฃ.

ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ: ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”.

ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™

ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ ("ื˜ืกื˜") ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื ื•ื— ืื ืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืžืจืืฉ.

ืืชืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช.

ื ืคื’ืขืชื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”? ื›ืš ืชืคืขืœื•

ืื ื ืคื’ืขืชื ื‘ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื:

1

ืงื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™

ื’ื ืื ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืคืฆื™ืขื” ืงืœื”, ืคื ื• ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ืœืคืฆื™ืขื”.

2

ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช

ื“ื•"ื— ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืฆืœืžื• ืืช ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืื•ื ื” ื•ืืกืคื• ืคืจื˜ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ.

3

ืคื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ืื ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื™ื“ื•ืข - ืคื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื•. ืื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข (ืœืžืฉืœ ืคื’ืข ื•ื‘ืจื—) - ืคื ื• ืœืงืจื ื™ืช, ืงืจืŸ ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

4

ืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ื ื–ืง.

5

ืฉืงืœื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™

ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื

ืกื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื›ืกื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”?
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ 800-1,500 ืฉ"ื— ื›ืŸ
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืื—ืจื™ื 400-1,200 ืฉ"ื— ืœื
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš 2,500-8,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœื

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื

  • ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืขื•ืชืง ื‘ืจื›ื‘ - ื”ืขืชืง ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
  • ื—ื“ืฉื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ - ืืœ ืชื—ื›ื• ืœืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ื ืืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
  • ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื - ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
  • ืฉืœื‘ื• ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื“ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง. ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?
ืœื. ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ื”ืงื ืก ื”ื•ื ืขื“ 29,200 ืฉ"ื—, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ 3 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื›ืกื”?
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ - ืœื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื•ืœื ืœืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื›ืžื• ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืื• ืงื™ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ ืื• ืžืงื™ืฃ.
ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืกื” ื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ?
ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื”. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ืกื•ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื. ื ื”ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืกื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™.
ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืฉื ื”, ืืš ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื˜ืกื˜. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืคืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื ืคื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื”?
ืคื ื” ืžื™ื“ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช. ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช. ืคื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข (ืื• ืฉืœืš ืื ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข) ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™. ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื.

ืจืื” ื’ื:

ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’? ืžืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—? ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—? ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืจื›ื‘

ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘?

ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื