ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—

ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘?

ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืขื•ืœื” 15,000-40,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจื”? 150,000+ ืฉ"ื—. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืื” - ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœื›ื ื”ืจืก ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.

ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— = ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉ"ื—

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”: ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื

ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ - ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœืž"ืก, ืžืขืœ 15,000 ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”. ื–ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 41 ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“.

ื’ื ืื ืืชื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื, ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฆืจ ืคืชืื•ื? ื”ืกืชื ื•ื•ืจ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ? ื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ? ืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ. ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— - ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ืกื›ื.

5 ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™

1

ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื

ืชืื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืคื’ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจื”? ื”ื ื–ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-200,000 ืฉ"ื—. ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื? ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ. ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืืชื” ืžืฉืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื›ื™ืกืš.

ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉืคื’ืขืชื ื‘ื• ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’' ืื• ืžืงื™ืฃ โ€” ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœื™ื›ื, ื•ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

2

ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช (ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”)

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืงื™ - ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’. ื”ืงื ืก ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ 29,200 ืฉ"ื—, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ 3 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ. ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.

ืงื ืก ืขื“ 29,200 ืฉ"ื— ืขื“ 3 ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ
3

ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช

ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืงื˜. ืงืจื” ืžืฉื”ื•? ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœ. ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืงืจื” ื•ืืชื ืชื™ืฉืืจื• ืขื ื—ื•ื‘. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืžื—ืจ.

ื›ื•ืœืœ: ื’ืจื™ืจื” 24/7, ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ - ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง.

4

ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื•

ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”, ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื. ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ื•ื” 80,000-150,000 ืฉ"ื—. ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืจื™ืคื”, ื”ืฆืคื”, ื‘ืจื“ - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”.

ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”
ืฉืจื™ืคื”
ื‘ืจื“/ื”ืฆืคื”
ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื
5

ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื›ื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืฆื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืื•ื ื” - ื’ื ืื ืืชื ืืฉืžื™ื. ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข.

ืœื“ืขืช: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ "ืœืœื ืืฉื" - ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื’ื ืื ื’ืจืžืชื ืœืชืื•ื ื”.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—?

ื”ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืžืจืื” ืœืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉืชืœื - ื’ื ืื ื ืจืื” ื™ืงืจ:

ืกื•ื’ ืชืื•ื ื” ืขืœื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—
ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ 3,000-8,000 ืฉ"ื— ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช (1,500 ืฉ"ื—) 3,000-8,000 ืฉ"ื—
ืชืื•ื ื” ืงืœื” 10,000-20,000 ืฉ"ื— ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช (1,500-3,000 ืฉ"ื—) 10,000-20,000 ืฉ"ื—
ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช 25,000-50,000 ืฉ"ื— ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช (1,500-3,000 ืฉ"ื—) 25,000-50,000 ืฉ"ื—
ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจื” 80,000-200,000 ืฉ"ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉืœื (ืขื“ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช) 80,000-200,000 ืฉ"ื—
ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ (50,000-200,000) ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžืœื (ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช) ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ื”ืžืกืงื ื”: ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” 2,500-8,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืชืื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” 25,000+ ืฉ"ื—. ืชืื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘-5 ืฉื ื™ื = ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉืชืœื.

ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื?

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”

800-1,500 ืฉ"ื—

ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’

400-1,200 ืฉ"ื—

ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ

2,500-8,000 ืฉ"ื—

ื›ืœ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื + ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” + ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžืœื.

ืงืจืื• ืขื•ื“

ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ?

ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืงื™ืฃ ืื:

  • ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื™ืงืจ (50,000+ ืฉ"ื—)
  • ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืื• ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘
  • ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื›ืกืฃ ืคื ื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
  • ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”/ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื

ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฆื“ ื’ ืื:

  • ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ (7+ ืฉื ื™ื)
  • ืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ืžื•ืš (ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-40,000 ืฉ"ื—)
  • ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื ืฆืจื™ืš
  • ืขืœื•ืช ืžืงื™ืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืž-10% ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘

ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ? ื”ื ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช

1. ื—ื•ื‘ื” + ืฆื“ ื’ - ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™

1,200-2,700 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืžื›ืกื” ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ (ื—ื•ื‘ื”) ื•ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืชื’ืจืžื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื (ืฆื“ ื’). ืœื ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื.

2. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ

ืื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขื˜ (ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10,000 ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื”), ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืกื•ืš 20-40% ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— Pay-Per-Km. ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

3. ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืž-1,500 ืœ-3,000 ืฉ"ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื‘-15-25%. ื›ื“ืื™ ืื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื–ื”ื™ืจ.

4. ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื”ืฉื•ื• 4-5 ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื”ืœื• ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช.

5. ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื ืชื™

ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืจืืฉ ืœืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื•ืกืš 5-10% ืžื”ืคืจืžื™ื”. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื - ืฉื•ื•ื”.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ื”ืื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”?
ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืกื” ืจืง ื ื–ืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ. ืื ืชืคื’ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจ, ืชืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืกืš - ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’ (400-1,200 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”) ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ืจื›ื•ืฉ.
ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืื•ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืก?
ืชืื•ื ื” ืงืœื”: 5,000-15,000 ืฉ"ื—. ืชืื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช: 15,000-40,000 ืฉ"ื—. ืชืื•ื ื” ืงืฉื”: 40,000-100,000+ ืฉ"ื—. ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช 150,000 ืฉ"ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ?
ื›ืŸ. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคืจืžื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช. ืชืื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-10 ืฉื ื•ืช ืคืจืžื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
ืžืชื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืชื™ ืฆื“ ื’?
ืžืงื™ืฃ: ืœืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื™ืงืจ (ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืขืœ 50,000 ืฉ"ื—), ืื• ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืกืฃ ืœืชืงืŸ ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืฆื“ ื’: ืœืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ (7+ ืฉื ื™ื) ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-40,000 ืฉ"ื—.
ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ?
ืงื—ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” + ืฆื“ ื’. ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” 1,200-2,700 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขื˜.

ืจืื” ื’ื:

ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื”? ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฆื“ ื’? ืžืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—? ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ืจื›ื‘

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘?

ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื