ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช - ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื

ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื”, ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ. ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-70% ืžื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื– 2002.

ืžื” ื–ื” ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช?
ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื

ืžื” ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช?

ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”

ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืžื•ืžื ืช ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ืžื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™

ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง

ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ

ื”ืกื“ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ

ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื– 2002

ืงืฆื‘ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”

ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ-70% ืžื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ื–ื›ืื•ืช

ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช?

ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ 2002 ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ

ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืชื ืื™ ื–ื›ืื•ืช
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ 2002
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืง ืœืคื ื™ 2002
ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื
ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืฆื‘ื ืงื‘ืข ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช

ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืง ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื–ื™ื‘ื”. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืฉืœื (ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื›ื•').

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”

ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช

ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช
ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ + ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช
ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช
ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืขื“ 70% ืžื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”
ื”ืฆืžื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ืื• ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—
ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ
ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘

ื›ืžื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช?

ืงืฆื‘ื” = ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ร— ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืชืง ร— 2%

ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘:

  • ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช: 20,000 ืฉ"ื—
  • ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืชืง: 35 ืฉื ื™ื
  • ืื—ื•ื– ืฆื‘ื™ืจื”: 35 ร— 2% = 70%
  • ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช: 20,000 ร— 70% = 14,000 ืฉ"ื—

ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ

ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ื•ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ.

ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” - ืจืง ืงืฆื‘ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช, ืœื ืกื›ื•ื ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช?
ืœื. ืžืื– 2002 ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืจื™ 2002 ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช (ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื ื”ืœื™ื). ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ.
ื›ืžื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช?
ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืง. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ: 2% ืœื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขื“ ืชืงืจื” ืฉืœ 70%. ืœืžืฉืœ: 35 ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ร— 2% = 70% ืžื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 50-70% ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ.
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช?
ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ื”. ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 4-7% ืœื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”. ืœืžืฉืœ: ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื‘-60 ื‘ืžืงื•ื 67 = ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ 28-49% ืžื”ืงืฆื‘ื”. ื™ืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ.
ื”ืื ืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“?
ื›ืŸ. ื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ. ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ืฆืžื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”.
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ?
ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงืฆื‘ืช ืฉืื™ืจื™ื - ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 60% ืžื”ืงืฆื‘ื” ืฉื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 21 (ืื• 24 ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™) ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชื•ืกืคืช. ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื ื“ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช.

ืจืื” ื’ื:

ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื”

ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช?

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ โ€” ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช. ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ
ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื ื